French electrical standards explained: NF C 15-100

When you arrive on a French site after training under BS 7671, the NEC or another national code, the consumer unit is usually the first thing that looks foreign. I am an electrician based in La Celle-Saint-Cloud, west of Paris, and I regularly work alongside colleagues trained abroad, so I hear the same questions every year: why two RCDs, why 30 mA on everything, why is the main switch sealed, and who exactly is Consuel.

The short answer is that the French electrical panel is governed by NF C 15-100, made mandatory for new buildings by article R 111-12 of the construction and housing code and the 22 October 1969 order. Before the distributor energises an installation, an attestation must be completed by the installer and vetted by Consuel.

This article explains the rules I check on every French consumer unit, with the figures I could verify against official sources, and the values I deliberately left out because I could not confirm them. If you work between countries, my comparison of Belgian and French rules covers the RGIE side of the border.

The legal framework you arrive in

NF C 15-100 is the French standard published by AFNOR that covers the design, execution, verification and maintenance of low-voltage electrical installations, that is below 1 000 V AC and 1 500 V DC. The 2024 series is made of 21 standards — NF C 15-100-1, the -7-7xx parts, -8-1, -10 and -11 — each covering a specific type of installation or requirement.

The obligation itself does not come from the standard but from the building code. Article R 111-12 of the construction and housing code, together with the order of 22 October 1969, requires the electrical installations of new buildings to comply with NF C 14-100 and NF C 15-100 as in force at the time of construction. NF C 14-100 is the connection standard, NF C 15-100 is the internal installation standard.

The version that applies is the one in force on the date the planning permission or the prior declaration was filed. This detail matters more than most people think, because two editions are currently in circulation.

The 2002 edition versus the 2024 series

According to AFNOR, the 2002 edition with its amendments A1 to A5 remains the version of mandatory application under the order of 3 August 2016, because the 2024 series is not yet referenced in the regulations. The 2024 series does apply to new installations and to extensions and modifications since September 2025, but its regulatory status is not yet final.

Promotelec summarises the same timeline more simply: the 2024 version has been applicable since September 2024 and becomes mandatory in September 2025, making the 2002 edition obsolete. When the two readings differ, I follow AFNOR on the regulatory status, because AFNOR is the publisher of the standard.

One practical consequence for a foreign electrician: the official text is published in French only, the 2002 edition is freely consultable, and the 2024 edition is paying. Budget for the language barrier and check the edition before you quote a job.

Anatomy of the French consumer unit

The French consumer unit lives in a dedicated technical space called the ETEL (Espace Technique Électrique du Logement). It is a floor-to-ceiling volume of at least 60 cm wide and 25 cm deep, reducible to the width of the GTL plus 10 cm. The ETEL is mandatory for new builds, full renovations and consumer unit renovations; it is not required for a renovation without redistribution.

There are placement rules you will not find in most other codes. The ETEL is forbidden in bathrooms, humid or dusty rooms and under staircases. It must sit at least 10 cm from a gas installation, 40 cm from a heat source and 60 cm from a water point, and a 70 cm clear passage is recommended in front of it.

Inside the ETEL, the GTL groups the goulotte, the control panel with the meter and the main switch, the consumer unit itself, the communication enclosure and two 16 A sockets on a dedicated circuit. Strong-current circuits, above 50 V, and weak-current circuits, below 50 V, must run in separate pathways. The communication enclosure is a French specificity that many foreign electricians overlook — I covered its rules separately.

The two 16 A sockets of the GTL are not ordinary outlets: they are fed by their own dedicated circuit, so they stay independent of the general socket circuits. I plan them inside the ETEL volume from the start and give them a separate MCB in the board, because a foreign-trained eye tends to treat them as an afterthought.

Operating devices must be installed at a height between 0.90 m and 1.80 m, a range reduced to 0.50 m when the unit is behind a door. The main board itself must have at least two rows, so that the loads can be balanced between the type A and type AC RCDs. I detailed the height rule in a dedicated guide.

The main switch you never install

French regulations require an emergency disconnection that removes power from the home in a single gesture, accessible from inside the dwelling. In practice, this role is played by the disjoncteur de branchement (the service cut-out, sometimes called AGCP), installed and sealed by Enedis, the grid operator.

1 Cadenas de condamnation Cadenas de condamnation

Disjoncteur condamné par cadenas

Le verrouillage imposé par le gestionnaire de réseau est le repère qui distingue cet appareil de tout disjoncteur du tableau.

The rating of this breaker follows the subscribed power, with 60 A recommended for older homes. The installer never touches the sealed breaker: the connection work stops at the consumer unit, which is linked to the service cut-out by a 16 mm² conductor. This is the part of the French system that surprises electricians from countries where the main switch is an ordinary part of the consumer unit.

The connection side is governed by NF C 14-100, the companion standard to NF C 15-100. If a job requires more subscribed power, the request goes through the grid operator, not through a modification of the sealed breaker.

RCDs: 30 mA on every circuit

The rule that most defines the French approach is the systematic use of residual current devices at 30 mA. NF C 15-100-10 requires 30 mA sensitivity on every circuit, lighting included, which is broader than BS 7671 or NEC practice in most domestic situations.

1 Marquage 30 mA Marquage 30 mA

Différentiel 30 mA

Repérez l'appareil plus large que les disjoncteurs qui l'entourent : c'est lui qui porte la sensibilité exigée sur chaque circuit.

A dwelling must have at least two RCDs: one type A and one type AC, each protecting 8 circuits maximum. The type A is required for the cooker hob, the washing machine and the EV charging socket; the type F is mandatory for air conditioning, pool pumps and heat pumps, and recommended for reinforced sockets and charging stations.

The 8-circuit limit per RCD is a sizing rule that does not exist in many countries, where the only limit is the RCD rating itself. It forces a deliberate split of circuits between the two differential devices, and it is one of the first things I check when I take over a board built by a foreign-trained colleague.

Two related questions come up constantly on site. First, the difference between an RCD and an RCBO, which I explain in a dedicated comparison. Second, what to do when a 30 mA RCD keeps tripping for no apparent reason — I wrote a troubleshooting guide for that exact symptom. The type question, AC, A or F, also has its own article.

Because this article is aimed at electricians trained abroad, a vocabulary map helps. The interrupteur différentiel is the RCD, the disjoncteur divisionnaire is the MCB, the tableau électrique is the consumer unit, and the disjoncteur de branchement is the main switch. The newer protective devices keep their acronyms in French catalogues: RCBO and AFDD are used as such.

MCBs and the fuse ban

Each circuit is protected by its own MCB (disjoncteur divisionnaire). The striking part for foreign electricians is that fuses and fuse carriers are banned in new installations and major renovations: they are replaced by MCBs, one per circuit, sized to the conductor.

1 Marquage C16 Marquage C16 2 Levier du disjoncteur Levier du disjoncteur

Disjoncteur C16

Le calibre imprimé sur la face doit correspondre à la section du conducteur protégé par ce disjoncteur.

1. 1 Marquage C16
2. 2 Levier du disjoncteur

The consumer unit must also keep a spare capacity of at least 20 % of free modules, spread across all rows in a detached house. This reserve exists so that future circuits can be added without rebuilding the board.

The ban targets new installations and major renovations: on an untouched old board, fuses remain legal, and there is no retroactive obligation to replace them. The moment a project qualifies as a major renovation, the board switches to one MCB per circuit, so I clarify the scope with the client before the first quote, because the difference shows up directly in the parts list.

Some English-language guides mention a 30 % spare rule. I checked it against Legrand, who publishes the 20 % figure, and I do not repeat the 30 % value. When renovating an old board, the practical question of whether to secure or fully upgrade the installation is worth reading before you propose a scope to the client.

Circuit sizing rules that trip up foreigners

Socket circuits follow a maximum-outlet logic. A circuit in 1.5 mm² protected by a 16 A MCB can feed 8 socket outlets maximum; a circuit in 2.5 mm² protected by a 20 A MCB can feed 12 sockets maximum. These figures come from the Legrand FAQ and match what I apply on site.

The cooker hob is always a dedicated circuit in 6 mm² protected at 32 A. The list of circuits that must be dedicated in France — hob, but also water heater, washing machine and others — is long, and I keep a separate article on dedicated circuits with the full list and calibres.

For lighting circuits, I will not give you a figure here. When I prepared this article, I could not confirm the values circulating in English guides — one popular guide states 10 A for 1.5 mm² lighting, a value my sources do not support — against an official page. Some French summaries mention 16 A, but I could not verify it either. Check the standard text before sizing a lighting circuit.

Surge protection

The surge protective device (parafoudre) has its own set of French conditions. It is mandatory when the building has a lightning rod, in zone AQ2 under certain conditions, after a lightning risk analysis, and on copper communication networks. It is recommended when the supply is an overhead line in a department with a keraunic index above 25, or when the building stands less than 50 m from a lightning rod.

1 Module parafoudre Module parafoudre

Parafoudre type 2

Identifiez le module de protection contre la foudre dont l'obligation dépend de la zone et du type d'alimentation.

These conditions are more nuanced than a blanket requirement, and they are often misunderstood. On a new board, I verify the zone and the supply type before deciding whether the parafoudre goes in.

Bathroom zones, briefly

French bathrooms are divided into volumes 0, 1 and 2, each with its own IP ratings and distance rules. Foreign electricians usually know the concept from their own code, but the French zoning boundaries are specific, and the bathroom is one of the rooms where the Consuel visit is the most demanding. I mention it here because it is part of the panel rules: the board itself is forbidden in the bathroom, and the circuits feeding it are subject to the 30 mA rule like everything else.

Before quoting a bathroom job, I identify the volume in which every socket, switch and luminaire will sit, because the IP rating and the distance rules that apply depend on that volume. It is a quick check on paper, and it is where I have seen the most non-compliances on boards built by colleagues trained abroad.

Consuel: the attestation before energisation

The most unfamiliar process for foreign electricians is the attestation of conformity. The installer fills a Cerfa attestation, and the distributor refuses to energise the installation until it has been vetted. This pre-energisation control does not exist in many countries.

The obligation was introduced by the decree of 14 December 1972 for new installations, extended to fully renovated installations by the decree of 6 March 2001 — in that case the distributor cuts power until the attestation is accepted — and to production installations below 250 kVA by the decree of 22 March 2010.

Consuel, the body that vets the attestations, is a non-profit association created in 1964. It does not inspect every installation: visits are made by sampling, and a re-inspection is ordered when a major risk is found. To give you an idea of the scale, Consuel operates with about 200 inspectors, around 180 000 interventions a year, and 13 agencies — nine in metropolitan France and four in the overseas departments.

Existing installations and property sales

There is no retroactive obligation to bring an existing installation up to current standards. The circular of 13 December 1982 provides recommendations for work carried out on existing installations, which is the framework I apply when extending an old circuit without renovating the whole board.

The property transaction is where the rules bite. When a home is sold with an electrical installation older than 15 years, a mandatory electrical condition report is required under article L 134-7 of the construction code, and the report is valid for 3 years. For a foreign electrician, this report explains why clients ask about the age of their installation at the first meeting.

The difference between making an installation safe and bringing it fully up to code is a real scope question, and the typical faults found in old boards are documented in my diagnostic article.

My checklist for a first French job

If you are sizing your first French consumer unit, here is the order I follow. A free French-language configurator also exists if you want to cross-check your layout before ordering parts.

• Identify the applicable version of the standard from the planning permission or prior declaration date.
• Check the ETEL: 60 cm width, 25 cm depth, distances from gas, heat and water, no bathroom location.
• Plan the GTL with its communication enclosure and its two 16 A sockets on a dedicated circuit.
• Never touch the sealed main switch; plan the 16 mm² link between the service cut-out and the board.
• Lay out at least two RCDs (type A and type AC), 30 mA on every circuit, 8 circuits maximum per RCD.
• Use MCBs only; no fuses in new work; keep 20 % spare ways spread across the rows.
• Book the Consuel attestation before the distributor energises the installation.

FAQ

The French panel is not a harder system, it is a more codified one: 30 mA everywhere, two RCDs, eight circuits per RCD, no fuses, a sealed main switch and an attestation before power. Once you know where the figures come from, the logic is consistent. When in doubt, the standard text — the 2002 edition, freely consultable — is the only authority I trust.